Syntax:
SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS {FROM | IN} tbl_name [{FROM | IN} db_name]
    [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr]

SHOW COLUMNS displays information about the columns in a given table.
It also works for views. The LIKE clause, if present, indicates which
column names to match. The WHERE clause can be given to select rows
using more general conditions, as discussed in
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/extended-show.html.

SHOW COLUMNS displays information only for those columns for which you
have some privilege.

mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM City;
+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Id         | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| Name       | char(35) | NO   |     |         |                |
| Country    | char(3)  | NO   | UNI |         |                |
| District   | char(20) | YES  | MUL |         |                |
| Population | int(11)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |
+------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

If the data types differ from what you expect them to be based on a
CREATE TABLE statement, note that MySQL sometimes changes data types
when you create or alter a table. The conditions under which this
occurs are described in
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/silent-column-changes.html.

The FULL keyword causes the output to include the column collation and
comments, as well as the privileges you have for each column.

You can use db_name.tbl_name as an alternative to the tbl_name FROM
db_name syntax. In other words, these two statements are equivalent:

mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM mytable FROM mydb;
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM mydb.mytable;

SHOW COLUMNS displays the following values for each table column:

Field indicates the column name.

Type indicates the column data type.

Collation indicates the collation for nonbinary string columns, or NULL
for other columns. This value is displayed only if you use the FULL
keyword.

The Null field contains YES if NULL values can be stored in the column,
NO if not.

The Key field indicates whether the column is indexed:

o If Key is empty, the column either is not indexed or is indexed only
  as a secondary column in a multiple-column, nonunique index.

o If Key is PRI, the column is a PRIMARY KEY or is one of the columns
  in a multiple-column PRIMARY KEY.

o If Key is UNI, the column is the first column of a UNIQUE index. (A
  UNIQUE index permits multiple NULL values, but you can tell whether
  the column permits NULL by checking the Null field.)

o If Key is MUL, the column is the first column of a nonunique index in
  which multiple occurrences of a given value are permitted within the
  column.

If more than one of the Key values applies to a given column of a
table, Key displays the one with the highest priority, in the order
PRI, UNI, MUL.

A UNIQUE index may be displayed as PRI if it cannot contain NULL values
and there is no PRIMARY KEY in the table. A UNIQUE index may display as
MUL if several columns form a composite UNIQUE index; although the
combination of the columns is unique, each column can still hold
multiple occurrences of a given value.

The Default field indicates the default value that is assigned to the
column.

The Extra field contains any additional information that is available
about a given column. The value is auto_increment if the column was
created with the AUTO_INCREMENT keyword and empty otherwise.

Privileges indicates the privileges you have for the column. This value
is displayed only if you use the FULL keyword.

Comment indicates any comment the column has. This value is displayed
only if you use the FULL keyword.

SHOW FIELDS is a synonym for SHOW COLUMNS. You can also list a table's
columns with the mysqlshow db_name tbl_name command.

The DESCRIBE statement provides information similar to SHOW COLUMNS.
See [HELP DESCRIBE].

The SHOW CREATE TABLE, SHOW TABLE STATUS, and SHOW INDEX statements
also provide information about tables. See [HELP SHOW].

URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/show-columns.html

